Fermentation biotechnology in the industrial sense is regarded as any process for the production of various chemical or pharmaceutical compounds by means of the mass cultivation of microorganisms. Thus, fermentation biotechnology concerns the use of microorganisms such as bacteria or yeasts, or cellular components such as enzymes, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services. It is a very important discipline in modern society and is used in many industries for the production of various enzymes and vitamins, antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, steroids, hormones and fine chemicals.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines are clever, they trick our bodies into building immunity against infectious diseases, without causing the illness.
A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and “remember” it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.